Synonyms: ACL
Related tests: anti-beta2 glycoprotein I antibodies
Clinical significance
IgG and IgM anti-cardiolipin antibodies belong to the group of autoantibodies found in antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). Cardiolipin is an anionic phospholipid abundant in the inner membrane of mitochondria, against which ACL are directed in the presence of an important cofactor, β2 glycoprotein I. APS involves recurrent venous and/or arterial thrombosis, repeated miscarriages and antiphospholipid antibodies in the serum. A distinction is made between primary APS and APS secondary to connective tissue diseases, particularly SLE.
Clinical indications
Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome.
Sample type
The patient must have a blood sample taken.
Preparation
You must fast for at least 8 hours; a small amount of water is allowed. You must have been standing or sitting upright for at least 30 minutes.
Notes
Infections (syphilis, mycoplasma, HIV) and medicines (anticonvulsants) can give positive results, usually at low titre.
A positive result must be confirmed with one or more samples taken at least six weeks after the first. A medium-high titre is more significant for the diagnosis of APS. Confirmation by testing anti-β2 glycoprotein I antibodies is useful.