Synonyms: VZV
Clinical significance
Varicella zoster virus (VZV) belongs to the Herpesviridae family, is found worldwide and causes one of the most common rash illnesses, chickenpox. Chickenpox is the result of the first infection; the virus enters through the airways and, after an incubation period of 14-21 days, reaches its target organ, the skin. After the infection, the virus remains latent in the dorsal root ganglia and can reactivate when the immune system is weakened, causing herpes zoster (commonly known as shingles).
During acute infection, specific class M antibodies (IgM) rise, followed by IgG, which remain for life.
Clinical indications
Suspected infection, checking immune status before post-exposure prophylaxis in people at risk.
Sample type
The patient must have a blood sample taken.
Preparation
You must fast for at least 8 hours; a small amount of water is allowed.
Notes
IgG absent, IgM absent: no exposure. If the clinical picture is uncertain, patients should be monitored over time.
IgG present, IgM absent: past infection.
IgG absent, IgM present: very early stage of infection.
IgG present, IgM present: acute infection.