Related tests: serum electrophoresis, urine electrophoresis, kappa light chains, IgG, IgA, IgM
Clinical significance
Lambda (λ) light chains are one of the two types of light chain (the other is called kappa or κ) that make up antibodies (gamma globulins).
Normally κ light chains outnumber λ chains by a ratio of about 2:1; when a significant monoclonal component is present, this ratio may be altered in favour of the light chain used in that component.
Monoclonal light chains (kappa or lambda) can be produced in excess (multiple myeloma) or exclusively (light chain myeloma) and can cause amyloidosis.
Clinical indications
Further investigation when a monoclonal component is found on electrophoresis; combined with kappa light chain testing (κ/λ ratio), it can be used to screen for significant monoclonal gammopathies.
Sample type
The patient must have a blood sample taken.
Preparation
You must fast for at least 8 hours; a small amount of water is allowed. You must have been standing or sitting upright for at least 30 minutes.